Potential Complications of Anesthesia
Anesthesia is a vital part of your pet’s care, but it also comes with risks including blindness, deafness, brain damage, aspiration pneumonia and other potential problems (i.e. organ damage and death). Underlying conditions (kidney/liver disease, intestinal blockage, liver disease, trauma and internal bleeding, etc.) can increase the risks, but we closely monitor blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate and intervene when necessary to try to prevent any complications.
The following are rare potential complications that can arise with mass removal. Some of these complications are more or less likely depending on the type and location of the mass. Your doctor will discuss with you any particular concerns that are specific to your pet’s mass.
Infection
An incision is made through the skin and fat layers around and underneath the mass to remove it. This incision is closed with internal sutures (+/- external sutures). Excessive activity or licking at the incision can cause the incision to become infected and affect the integrity of the sutures, resulting in opening of the incision. An additional surgery may be necessary to correct an infected incision or dehiscence.
Incomplete Closure
Depending on the location and size of the mass, the incision may not be able to be closed completely depending on the amount of skin available and the size of the mass. The areas that are more risk of incomplete closure are the legs, tail and head (anywhere that the skin is tight prior to surgery). The larger the mass, the more skin that needs to be removed, increasing this risk. If we are unable to close the incision, a bandage will be placed and will need changed frequently (up to 3 times a week) while the skin closes over time.
Nerve Involvement
While many masses are just in the skin or fat layer beneath the skin, some can encapsulate the nerve. This will make resection of the mass impossible without removing part of the nerve. This may result in pain after surgery or inability to feel/move certain areas. The severity of the complications depends on the amount of nerve involvement and location of the mass. If we are suspicious of nerve involvement prior to surgery, the doctor will discuss this with you in more detail.
Vessel/Lymphatic Involvement
The location of the mass can give us a lot of insight prior to going to surgery if there is the possibility of large vessel involvement. Usually there is enough collateral circulation (blood coming from another direction) to sustain the tissues, but there is the possibility that if we have to ligate the vessels that the tissues in the surrounding area may die. If the lymphatic system is affected during the removal of the mass, swelling below the incision or towards the tail may occur. Usually this will resolve eventually but can take months.
Incomplete resection
Some masses have microscopic cellular projections that extend down into the muscle, around vessels or nerves, or extend further than the surgeon can see during surgery. Histopathology (biopsy) is always recommended after removal of a mass to definitively determine the type of mass and if complete resection was achieved. In cases where complete resection is not achieved, the biopsy report will guide recommendations for further treatment such as additional surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation.
If your pet requires hospitalization overnight:
Overnight Stay. Although there is not a doctor present from 10 p.m. to 8 a.m., there are trained staff to treat and monitor your pet overnight onsite. If any drastic changes occur, the emergency doctor will be called to discuss treatment and possibly return to the hospital.
Overnight communication. Our phones are turned off from 10 p.m. to 8 a.m. the next morning, Mon thru Friday and 4pm to 8am Saturday, Sunday, and holidays. No news is good news overnight. If here is an emergency that involves your pet, you will be called by the technician or the doctor depending on the circumstance. You will be provided with an update the following morning after the morning doctor examines your pet (usually between 8 and 10 a.m.).
Intravenous Fluids. Usually your pet is placed on IV fluids when in the hospital to treat dehydration or to provide a way to medicate your pet. In rare occurrences, too much fluid can be administered that can build up in the lungs causing difficulty breathing, but they are monitored closely to prevent complications caused by excess fluids.